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Maven项目的构建与测试

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通义灵码
在上一节中，我们介绍了如何使用 archetype 创建 Maven 项目，接下来我们介绍如何构建和测试这个项目。

构建项目

查看 helloMaven 项目的 pom.xml 文件，配置如下。 
  1. <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  2.          xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  3.     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  4.     <groupId>net.biancheng.www</groupId>
  5.     <artifactId>helloMaven</artifactId>
  6.     <packaging>jar</packaging>
  7.     <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  8.     <name>helloMaven</name>
  9.     <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
  10.     <dependencies>
  11.         <dependency>
  12.             <groupId>junit</groupId>
  13.             <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
  14.             <version>3.8.1</version>
  15.             <scope>test</scope>
  16.         </dependency>
  17.     </dependencies>
  18. </project>

从以上配置可知，Maven 已经添加了 Junit 作为该项目的测试框架，且 Maven 也在项目中自动生成了一个源码文件 App.java 和一个测试文件 AppTest.java 。

打开命令行窗口，跳转到 D:\maven\helloMaven 目录，执行以下 mvn 命令，对该项目进行构建。
  • mvn clean package

命令执行结果如下：
  • [INFO] Scanning for projects...
  • [INFO]
  • [INFO] --------------------< net.biancheng.www:helloMaven >--------------------
  • [INFO] Building helloMaven 1.0-SNAPSHOT
  • [INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
  • [INFO]
  • [INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ helloMaven ---
  • [INFO] Deleting D:\maven\helloMaven\target
  • [INFO]
  • [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ helloMaven ---
  • [WARNING] Using platform encoding (GBK actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
  • [INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory D:\maven\helloMaven\src\main\resources
  • [INFO]
  • [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ helloMaven ---
  • [INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
  • [WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding GBK, i.e. build is platform dependent!
  • [INFO] Compiling 1 source file to D:\maven\helloMaven\target\classes
  • [INFO]
  • [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ helloMaven ---
  • [WARNING] Using platform encoding (GBK actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
  • [INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory D:\maven\helloMaven\src\test\resources
  • [INFO]
  • [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ helloMaven ---
  • [INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
  • [WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding GBK, i.e. build is platform dependent!
  • [INFO] Compiling 1 source file to D:\maven\helloMaven\target\test-classes
  • [INFO]
  • [INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ helloMaven ---
  • [INFO] Surefire report directory: D:\maven\helloMaven\target\surefire-reports
  • Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/surefire/surefire-junit3/2.12.4/surefire-junit3-2.12.4.pom
  • Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/surefire/surefire-junit3/2.12.4/surefire-junit3-2.12.4.pom (1.7 kB at 1.3 kB/s)
  • Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/surefire/surefire-junit3/2.12.4/surefire-junit3-2.12.4.jar
  • Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/surefire/surefire-junit3/2.12.4/surefire-junit3-2.12.4.jar (26 kB at 51 kB/s)
  •  
  • -------------------------------------------------------
  • T E S T S
  • -------------------------------------------------------
  • Running net.biancheng.www.AppTest
  • Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.007 sec
  •  
  • Results :
  •  
  • Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
  •  
  • [INFO]
  • [INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:2.4:jar (default-jar) @ helloMaven ---
  • [INFO] Building jar: D:\maven\helloMaven\target\helloMaven-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
  • [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
  • [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
  • [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
  • [INFO] Total time:  4.775 s
  • [INFO] Finished at: 2021-03-02T17:20:15+08:00
  • [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

项目构建完成后，在该项目根目录中生成了一个名为 target 的目录，该目录包含以下内容。

maven jar
图1：target 目录

说明：
  • Maven 命令中包含了两个命令：clean 和 package，其中 clean 负责清理 target 目录，package 负责将项目构建并打包输出为 jar 文件。
  • classes：源代码编译后存放在该目录中。
  • test-classes：测试源代码编译后并存放在该目录中。
  • surefire-reports：Maven 运行测试用例生成的测试报告存放在该目录中。
  • helloMaven-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar：Maven 对项目进行打包生成的 jar 文件。

打开命令控制台，跳转到 D:\maven\helloMaven\target\classes 目录，执行 Java 命令
  • java net.biancheng.www.App

执行结果如下。
  • Hello World!

测试项目

下面我们介绍如何在 Maven 项目中添加其他的 Java 文件，并进行测试。

打开 D:\maven\helloMaven\src\main\java\net\biancheng\www 文件夹，在其中创建一个名为  Util.java 的文件。 
  1. package net.biancheng.www;
  2.  
  3. /**
  4. * Maven 项目中添加的自定义java类
  5. *
  6. * @author 编程帮 www.biancheng.net
  7. */
  8. public class Util {
  9.     public static void printMessage(String message) {
  10.         System.out.println(message);
  11.     }
  12. }

更新 App 类，调用 Util 类中的 printMessage() 方法，代码如下。 
  1. package net.biancheng.www;
  2.  
  3. /**
  4. * @author 编程帮 www.biancheng.net
  5. */
  6. public class App {
  7.     public static void main(String[] args) {
  8.         Util.printMessage("编程帮欢迎您，网址：www.biancheng.net");
  9.     }
  10. }

打开命令行窗口，跳转到 D:\maven\helloMaven 目录，并执行如下 Maven 命令，对项目进行编译。
  • mvn clean compile

命令执行结果如下。
  • [INFO] Scanning for projects...
  • [INFO]
  • [INFO] --------------------< net.biancheng.www:helloMaven >--------------------
  • [INFO] Building helloMaven 1.0-SNAPSHOT
  • [INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
  • [INFO]
  • [INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ helloMaven ---
  • [INFO] Deleting D:\maven\helloMaven\target
  • [INFO]
  • [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ helloMaven ---
  • [WARNING] Using platform encoding (GBK actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
  • [INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory D:\maven\helloMaven\src\main\resources
  • [INFO]
  • [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ helloMaven ---
  • [INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
  • [WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding GBK, i.e. build is platform dependent!
  • [INFO] Compiling 2 source files to D:\maven\helloMaven\target\classes
  • [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
  • [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
  • [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
  • [INFO] Total time:  0.853 s
  • [INFO] Finished at: 2021-03-03T09:26:29+08:00
  • [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

编译成功后，跳转到 D:\maven\helloMaven\target\classes 目录下，执行以下 Java 命令。
  • java  net.biancheng.www.App

执行结果如下。
  • 编程帮欢迎您，网址：www.biancheng.net
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