Java - 发送邮件

使用Java应用程序发送E-mail十分简单，但是首先你应该在你的机器上安装JavaMail API 和Java Activation Framework (JAF) 。

• 你可以在  JavaMail (Version 1.2) 下载最新的版本。
• 你可以再 在JAF (Version 1.1.1)下载最新的版本。

下载并解压这些文件，最上层文件夹你会发现很多的jar文件。你需要将mail.jar和activation.jar 添加到你的CLASSPATH中。

发送一封简单的 E-mail:

下面是一个发送简单E-mail的例子。假设你的localhost已经连接到网络。

// File Name SendEmail.java
 
import java.util.*;
import javax.mail.*;
import javax.mail.internet.*;
import javax.activation.*;
 
public class SendEmail
{
   public static void main(String [] args)
   {   
      // Recipient's email ID needs to be mentioned.
      String to = "abcd@gmail.com";
 
      // Sender's email ID needs to be mentioned
      String from = "web@gmail.com";
 
      // Assuming you are sending email from localhost
      String host = "localhost";
 
      // Get system properties
      Properties properties = System.getProperties();
 
      // Setup mail server
      properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.host", host);
 
      // Get the default Session object.
      Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties);
 
      try{
         // Create a default MimeMessage object.
         MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session);
 
         // Set From: header field of the header.
         message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from));
 
         // Set To: header field of the header.
         message.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO,
                                  new InternetAddress(to));
 
         // Set Subject: header field
         message.setSubject("This is the Subject Line!");
 
         // Now set the actual message
         message.setText("This is actual message");
 
         // Send message
         Transport.send(message);
         System.out.println("Sent message successfully....");
      }catch (MessagingException mex) {
         mex.printStackTrace();
      }
   }
}

编译并运行这个程序来发送一封简单的E-mail：

$ java SendEmail
Sent message successfully....

如果你想发送一封e-mail给多个收件人，那么使用下面的方法来指定多个收件人ID：

void addRecipients(Message.RecipientType type,
                   Address[] addresses)
throws MessagingException

下面是对于参数的描述：

• type: 要被设置为TO, CC 或者BCC. 这里CC 代表抄送、BCC 代表秘密抄送y. 举例：Message.RecipientType.TO
• addresses: 这是email ID的数组。在指定电子邮件ID时，你将需要使用InternetAddress()方法。

发送一封HTML E-mail:

下面是一个发送HTML E-mail的例子。假设你的localhost已经连接到网络。
和上一个例子很相似，除了我们要使用setContent()方法来通过第二个参数为"text/html"，来设置内容来指定要发送HTML内容。

// File Name SendHTMLEmail.java
 
import java.util.*;
import javax.mail.*;
import javax.mail.internet.*;
import javax.activation.*;
 
public class SendHTMLEmail
{
   public static void main(String [] args)
   {
     
      // Recipient's email ID needs to be mentioned.
      String to = "abcd@gmail.com";
 
      // Sender's email ID needs to be mentioned
      String from = "web@gmail.com";
 
      // Assuming you are sending email from localhost
      String host = "localhost";
 
      // Get system properties
      Properties properties = System.getProperties();
 
      // Setup mail server
      properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.host", host);
 
      // Get the default Session object.
      Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties);
 
      try{
         // Create a default MimeMessage object.
         MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session);
 
         // Set From: header field of the header.
         message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from));
 
         // Set To: header field of the header.
         message.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO,
                                  new InternetAddress(to));
 
         // Set Subject: header field
         message.setSubject("This is the Subject Line!");
 
         // Send the actual HTML message, as big as you like
         message.setContent("<h1>This is actual message</h1>",
                            "text/html" );
 
         // Send message
         Transport.send(message);
         System.out.println("Sent message successfully....");
      }catch (MessagingException mex) {
         mex.printStackTrace();
      }
   }
}

编译并运行此程序来发送HTMLe-mail：

$ java SendHTMLEmail
Sent message successfully....

发送带有附件的 E-mail:

下面是一个发送带有附件的 E-mail的例子。假设你的localhost已经连接到网络。

// File Name SendFileEmail.java
 
import java.util.*;
import javax.mail.*;
import javax.mail.internet.*;
import javax.activation.*;
 
public class SendFileEmail
{
   public static void main(String [] args)
   {
     
      // Recipient's email ID needs to be mentioned.
      String to = "abcd@gmail.com";
 
      // Sender's email ID needs to be mentioned
      String from = "web@gmail.com";
 
      // Assuming you are sending email from localhost
      String host = "localhost";
 
      // Get system properties
      Properties properties = System.getProperties();
 
      // Setup mail server
      properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.host", host);
 
      // Get the default Session object.
      Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties);
 
      try{
         // Create a default MimeMessage object.
         MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session);
 
         // Set From: header field of the header.
         message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from));
 
         // Set To: header field of the header.
         message.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO,
                                  new InternetAddress(to));
 
         // Set Subject: header field
         message.setSubject("This is the Subject Line!");
 
         // Create the message part
         BodyPart messageBodyPart = new MimeBodyPart();
 
         // Fill the message
         messageBodyPart.setText("This is message body");
        
         // Create a multipar message
         Multipart multipart = new MimeMultipart();
 
         // Set text message part
         multipart.addBodyPart(messageBodyPart);
 
         // Part two is attachment
         messageBodyPart = new MimeBodyPart();
         String filename = "file.txt";
         DataSource source = new FileDataSource(filename);
         messageBodyPart.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(source));
         messageBodyPart.setFileName(filename);
         multipart.addBodyPart(messageBodyPart);
 
         // Send the complete message parts
         message.setContent(multipart );
 
         // Send message
         Transport.send(message);
         System.out.println("Sent message successfully....");
      }catch (MessagingException mex) {
         mex.printStackTrace();
      }
   }
}

编译并运行你的程序来发送一封带有附件的邮件。

$ java SendFileEmail
Sent message successfully....

用户认证部分:

如果需要提供用户名和密码给e-mail服务器来达到用户认证的目的，你可以通过如下设置来完成：

 props.setProperty("mail.user", "myuser");
 props.setProperty("mail.password", "mypwd");

e-mail其他的发送机制和上述保持一致。